WebDriver | MDN * Skip to main content * Skip to search HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference * Elements * Global attributes * Attributes * See all… HTML guides * Responsive images * HTML cheatsheet * Date & time formats * See all… Markup languages * SVG * MathML * XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference * Properties * Selectors * At-rules * Values * See all… CSS guides * Box model * Animations * Flexbox * Colors * See all… Layout cookbook * Column layouts * Centering an element * Card component * See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference * Standard built-in objects * Expressions & operators * Statements & declarations * Functions * See all… JS guides * Control flow & error handing * Loops and iteration * Working with objects * Using classes * See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference * File system API * Fetch API * Geolocation API * HTML DOM API * Push API * Service worker API * See all… Web API guides * Using the Web animation API * Using the Fetch API * Working with the History API * Using the Web speech API * Using web workers All All web technology Technologies * Accessibility * HTTP * URI * Web extensions * WebAssembly * WebDriver * See all… Topics * Media * Performance * Privacy * Security * Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course * Getting started modules * Core modules * MDN Curriculum * Check out the video course from Scrimba, our partner Learn HTML * Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS * CSS styling basics module * CSS layout module Learn JavaScript * Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools * Playground * HTTP Observatory * Border-image generator * Border-radius generator * Box-shadow generator * Color format converter * Color mixer * Shape generator About Get to know MDN better * About MDN * Advertise with us * Community * MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar * Web * WebDriver Theme * OS default * Light * Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more * Deutsch * English (US) * Français * 日本語 * 中文 (简体) WebDriver WebDriver is a browser automation interface that allows external programs to remotely inspect and control a browser. It is a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol, supporting both command-based automation and real-time, event-driven communication. WebDriver provides tooling for cross-browser testing , helping teams deliver consistent user experiences across many browsers and platforms. It is intended to allow web authors to write tests to automate a browser from a separate controlling process. WebDriver is available in two variants: WebDriver classic that uses HTTP, and WebDriver BiDi that uses WebSocket and enables bidirectional, event-driven communication. In this article * Reference * Specifications * See also Reference Browse the complete WebDriver reference documentation. WebDriver BiDi Reference for WebDriver BiDi modules, commands, and events. WebDriver classic Reference for WebDriver classic commands and timeouts. Capabilities Reference for WebDriver capabilities. Errors Reference for WebDriver errors. Specifications * WebDriver * WebDriver BiDi See also * Testing * Selenium documentation Help improve MDN Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Mar 24, 2026 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Clear filter input * WebDriver * How to * Create a BiDi connection * Reference * BiDi * Modules * bluetooth * browser * Commands * close * createUserContext * getClientWindows * getUserContexts * removeUserContext * setDownloadBehavior * browsingContext * Commands * activate * captureScreenshot * close * create * getTree * handleUserPrompt * locateNodes * navigate * print * reload * setViewport * traverseHistory * Events * contextCreated * contextDestroyed * domContentLoaded * fragmentNavigated * historyUpdated * load * navigationCommitted * navigationFailed * navigationStarted * emulation * input * Commands * performActions * releaseActions * setFiles * Events * fileDialogOpened * log * Events * entryAdded * network * permissions * script * session * Commands * end * new * status * subscribe * unsubscribe * storage * userAgentClientHints * webExtension * Classic * Commands * Add Cookie * Back * Close Window * Create Virtual Pressure Source * Create Virtual Sensor * Delete All Cookies * Delete Cookie * Delete Virtual Pressure Source * Delete Virtual Sensor * Forward * Get All Cookies * Get Element Attribute * Get Element Property * Get Element Tag Name * Get Named Cookie * Get Timeouts * Get Title * Get Virtual Sensor Information * Get Window Handles * Get Window Rect * New Session * New Window * Refresh * Set Timeouts * Set Window Rect * Update Virtual Pressure Source * Update Virtual Sensor Reading * Timeouts * Shared * Capabilities * acceptInsecureCerts * firefoxOptions * webSocketUrl * Errors * insecure certificate * invalid argument * invalid cookie domain * invalid selector * invalid session id * javascript * script timeout * stale element reference * unknown * unknown command * unknown method Your blueprint for a better internet. * * * * * MDN * About * Blog * Mozilla careers * Advertise with us * MDN Plus * Product help Contribute * MDN Community * Community resources * Writing guidelines * MDN Discord * MDN on GitHub Developers * Web technologies * Learn web development * Guides * Tutorials * Glossary * Hacks blog * Website Privacy Notice * Telemetry Settings * Legal * Community Participation Guidelines Portions of this content are ©1998–2026 by individual mozilla.org contributors. 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